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| 篇名 | 傳統連帶、市場與東亞企業勞資關係的特殊性和普同性 |
| English Title |
Traditional Solidarity, Market and the Specialties and Generalities of the Employer-employee Relations in the East Asian Firms |
| 作者 | 鄭為元 |
| Author | Wei-yuan Cheng |
| 刊名 | 政大勞動學報 |
| 期數 | 200301(第13期) |
| 出版單位 | 國立政治大學勞工研究所 |
| 起訖頁 | 1-37 |
| 摘要 |
東亞企業研究所用的概念，在使用上的特殊性，端賴抽象化的層次。東亞企業雖具有文化的特殊性，這種特殊性，主要卻在於其上下關係，建立在傳統的社會連帶之上。傳統連帶緩衝了市場對勞工的沖擊。抽象來看，這種社會連帶具有普同性。市場競爭也使得業者調整對職工的傳統連帶。比較研究顯示，東方的「家長制或家父長制」勞雇體制，在不同經濟體間，企業間，甚至同一企業內，都存在差別。學者對這種差別類型，所冠的名稱，大多屬文化人類學的家族名詞。這些名詞各有歷史背景。由於學者對相同類型，使用的名稱並不一致，常常令人困惑。在本研究中，筆者探討這些名詞的來源，分析這些不同類型的特性，整理出一個以四種傳統連帶指標（關係名稱、雇主責任、情感、提拔機會），依傳統連帶的大小，順序排列出六種勞雇關係類型。這些類型依序是父系制，族長制，家長制，家產制，壟斷市場制和市場獨斷制。本文結論是東亞企業模型，固然有其特殊性，在較高的抽象層次上，則有其普同性。目前企業彈性組織的盛行，雇用契約的短期化，也反映勞雇之間，社會連帶的減退。 |
| Abstract | How special the East Asian employer-employee relation is, depends on the level of abstraction of its characters. The base of the East Asian business model is its traditional solidarity. Traditional solidarity insulates employees form impacts of market. It is also the character of many family firms in other economies. However, market competition dilutes the solidarity. Comparative studies have shown that there are different types of labor relations among and within East Asian economies, and even within firms. Scholars label different types/models with terms adopted from anthropological terms. These terms have historical and cultural origins, on which we should take attention. The academic community has no consensus for the use of these terms. They may confuse readers. In this paper, the author traces the origins of these terms. After analyzing these types/models, he constructed model consisting of six firm types in a hierarchical order, according to the degree of solidarity. The author ranked the solidarity by four indicators: personal tie or guanxi employer’s responsibility and affectivity, and chances of promotion. The six types, from highest solidarity to the lowest one, are patrilineal, patriarchical, paternal, patrimonial, monopoly market, and market despotism. In conclusion, from an abstract level, the East Asian firm model has its generality based on traditional solidarity. However, globalization and flexible specialization lead to the declining of this traditional solidarity in employer-employee relations. |
| 關鍵詞 | 東亞企業、勞資關係、家族企業、East Asian Business、industrial relations、family firm |
| Title | From Government Regulation to Industrial Democracy? -- The Transformation of Employment Relations in Taiwan |
| 作者 | 衛民 |
| Author | Michael M. Wei, Ph.D. |
| 刊名 | 政大勞動學報 |
| 期數 | 200301(第13期) |
| 出版單位 | 國立政治大學勞工研究所 |
| 起訖頁 | 39-64 |
| Abstract |
According to the industrial relations systems approach, there are several conversion mechanisms adapted by any of the industrial relations system. This paper attempts to explore whether there is a transformation of mechanisms from government regulation to industrial democracy in Taiwanese employment relations. There is a demand from the workers to have more industrial democracy in the workplace. The employers’ responses and government policies are two important factors to determine the direction and the progress of the industrial democracy in Taiwan. There is still strong resistance from the management toward industrial democracy at the plant or enterprise levels. The burden is on the workers and government side. The workers better believe in the “political theory” of collective bargaining and organizing together as the first step. When Taiwanese workers have the will and solidarity, there will be a way toward participation and democracy. If the government provides more collective labor laws on the protection of union organization and promotion of labor participation, it is optimistic to see more industrial democracy. |
| 關鍵詞 | Employment relations; industrial democracy |
| 篇名 | 六〇年代初台灣勞資團體法規修訂之國際影響分析 |
| English Title |
Analysis of International Infact on Taiwan Workers′ and Employers′ Organization Laws in Early 1960′s |
| 作者 | 沈宗瑞 |
| Author | Shen, Tzong-Ruey |
| 刊名 | 政大勞動學報 |
| 期數 | 200301(第13期) |
| 出版單位 | 國立政治大學勞工研究所 |
| 起訖頁 | 65-105 |
| 摘要 |
本論文旨在透過統合主義理論及國際政治經濟學，探討美國在一九六〇年左右介入台灣勞資團體法規修訂之過程，以及黨國對美方壓力的回應方式，進而申論台灣國家統合主義體制的實際運作及其國內外的社經結構的制約。本文運用國民黨社會工作會有關一九七二年以前的微卷檔案資料佐證此一互動的實際情況。 |
| Abstract | This paper is to analyze the procedure of U.S. involvement in the revision of the Taiwan workers and enterprises organization law in 1960’s and the means with which the KMT reacted. The further analysis is done through corporatism and international political economy to elaborate the manipulation of Taiwan state corporatist regime and constrains of international political economy. This paper has proved the interactions between U.S. and KMT with the first-hand materials from the microfilm files of KMT before 1972. |
| 關鍵詞 | 國家統合主義、黨國、工會、工商業會、美援、state corporatism、party-state, labor union、interest group、industry association、commercial association、US aid |
| 篇名 | 資訊化資本主義下勞動市場彈性化的反省 |
| English Title |
The Reflection on the Flexibilization of Labor Market in the Informational Capitalism |
| 作者 | 謝宗學 |
| Author | Tsung-Hsueh, Hsieh |
| 刊名 | 政大勞動學報 |
| 期數 | 200301(第13期) |
| 出版單位 | 國立政治大學勞工研究所 |
| 起訖頁 | 107-140 |
| 摘要 |
本文討論在資訊化資本主義時代，勞動市場彈性化之結構性因素。資訊時代的來臨，並未消弭全球性的與國內的貧富不均，也未帶來共享文明果實的社群。相反的，新的資訊∕通信科技為勞動市場的彈性化提供了物質基礎；做為資訊網絡之結構性特徵，「流動空間」與「無時間之時間」更加大了勞資雙方的區隔與不平等：資本家是全球的，勞工則是地方的；益使勞動過程趨於個別化，勞工成為貧弱的個人。勞動市場的彈性化論述，認為彈性化即解除管除，亦即提高競爭力與生產力，實則掩飾勞資雙方之不平等的社會關係的真實本質—勞動者的商品化。 不同於工業時代之「地方空間」和「時鐘時間」下的時空概念，資訊化資本主義建構了「流動空間」和「無時間之時間」，成為資訊網絡的最主要特徵。由於資訊網絡兼具「集中決策」與「彈性分權」的優點，而有利於勞動市場的彈性化，其一則為「內在的全球化」：部分工時勞動、定期聘僱契約、派遣勞動、外包；一則為全球化的「境外生產投資」。勞動彈性化的過程，實為一種權力體制的表現，資本家、多國企業具有網絡位址上的優勢與權力，肇致工會力量的削弱、勞工平均薪資所得下降、更大的不安定感，以及勞動者的商品化。同時，勞動的彈性化亦日愈擴張，高科技專業人員、白領管理階層的職位也可能成為「永久臨性工作」。 為能積極維護勞工的權益，避免貧富差距的擴大、不安的傳播、社會的分裂，國家不應只扮演解除管制與維持市場秩序的角色，甚或淪為多國公司在本地的保全系統。政府更應致力於改善勞動條件與勞工福利，健全學習教育體系，建立社會安全體系，積極扮演社會整合的角色。健全的社會發展，方是提升生產力的上上之策。 |
| Abstract | This article studies the structural factors of the flexibilization of labor markets in informational capitalism following the widespread deployment of information and communication technologies from the 1990s. It argues that both the space of flows and timeless time are the structural characteristics of networked society. It is emphaised that these structural factors enlarged the inequalities and separateness between capital and labor：capital are globally mobile, and labor are locally embedded. Global competition and the spread of information technology are forcing the flexibilization of labor markets, which facilitating the commercialization of local labor accompanied with insecurity, de-unionization and the decreasing of average wages, but, benefiting to the globally accumulate of capital at the same time. The author argue that the state must take some positive measures in improvement of conditions and welfare of worker, in building comprehensive systems of recurrent education and social security, in order to protect the rights of labor and supports the long-term economic growth and social stability. It concludes by claiming that the state should take a role of social integrator in the information age. |
| 關鍵詞 | 資訊化資本主義、資訊網絡、流動空間、無時間之時間、勞動市場彈性化、 informational capitalism、information networks、the space of flows、timeless time、the flexibilization of labor market |
